Harmful roles of fungi

Fungi can play harmful roles in several ways:

1. Plant diseases: Many fungal species can cause diseases in crops, trees, and other plants, resulting in significant economic losses.
2. Human and animal infections: Certain fungi can cause infections in humans, such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, and histoplasmosis, while others can infect animals.
3. Food spoilage: Some fungi can spoil food and render it unsafe for consumption.
4. Allergic reactions: Some fungi produce allergens that can cause allergies, asthma, and other respiratory problems.
5. Toxins: Some fungi produce toxic compounds known as mycotoxins, which can contaminate food and cause health problems in humans and animals that consume it.